STUDI LITERATUR SERAT, KALSIUM, DAN MiRNA PADA PENYAKIT KANKER KOLOREKTAL
Literature Review of Fiber, Calcium, and MiRNA in Colorectal Cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54771/jakagi.v2i2.252Keywords:
kalsium, kanker kolorektal, miRNA, seratAbstract
Sebanyak 1,4 juta kasus kanker baru dan 8,2 juta kematian di seluruh dunia pada tahun 2012 disebabkan oleh kanker, dengan kejadian kanker paru-paru (1,82 juta), kanker payudara (1,67 juta) dan kanker kolorektal (1,36 juta) yang paling sering didiagnosis, yang berarti kanker kolorektal adalah jenis kanker paling umum ketiga di dunia setelah kanker paru-paru dan payudara. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan konsumsi serat, dan kalsium dengan risiko terjadinya kanker kolorektal dan miRNA sebagai deteksi dini penyakit kanker kolorektal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Narative Review dengan sumber data dari penelitian maupun artikel yang dipublikasikan hingga 10 tahun terakhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukan hal yang dapat mengurangi risiko kanker kolorektal itu terjadi adalah konsumsi tinggi serat dan kalsium yang dikaitkan dengan penurunan 20-25% risiko terjadinya kanker kolorektal serta pada miR-29a dan miR-92a plasma memiliki nilai diagnostik yang signifikan untuk neoplasia lanjut dengan nilai AUC yang optimal mendekati 1. Dapat disimpulkan, diet tinggi serat dan tinggi kalsium dapat menurunkan risiko terjadinya kanker kolorektal, serta miRNA dapat digunakan sebagai deteksi dini non-invasiv dan juga memiliki tingkat sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang tinggi. Diharapkan dari hasil penelitian dapat diadakan kegiatan berupa edukasi pada semua kalangan usia terutama diusia produktif untuk gemar mengkonsumsi makanan sumber serat dan kalsium seperti sayur, buah dan susu agar dapat menurunkan angka prevalensi kejadian kanker kolorektal dan menjadikan kualitas hidup yang lebih baik.
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